Stringer Paternal DNA

Paternal Haplogroup:R1b1b2a1a1*

R1b1b2a1a1* is a subgroup of R1b1b2, which is described below.

Locations of haplogroup R1b1b2 circa 500 years ago, before the era of intercontinental travel.

R1b1b2 is the most common haplogroup in western Europe, where its branches are clustered in various national populations. R1b1b2a1a2b is characteristic of the Basque, while R1b1b2a1a2f2 reaches its peak in Ireland and R1b1b2a1a1 is most commonly found on the fringes of the North Sea.

Introduction

Haplogroup R is a widespread and diverse branch of the Y-chromosome tree that is extremely common in Europe, where it spread after the end of the Ice Age about 12,000 years ago. The haplogroup appears to have originated in southwestern Asia about 30,000 years ago. It then split into two main branches. R1 ultimately spread widely across Eurasia, from Iceland to Japan, whereas R2 mostly remained near its region of origin. Today it can be found in southwestern Asia and India.

Because of recent immigration, both branches of R are now found worldwide among men of European, Middle Eastern and South Asian descent – though our haplogroup maps indicate only their pre-colonial distributions.

Haplogroup R1b1b2a1a1

Today R1b1b2a1a1 is found mostly on the fringes of the North Sea in England, Germany and the Netherlands, where it reaches levels of one-third. That distribution suggests that some of the first men to bear the haplogroup in their Y-chromosomes were residents of Doggerland, a real-life Atlantis that was swallowed up by rising seas in the millennia following the Ice Age.

Doggerland was a low-lying region of forests and wetlands that must have been rich in game; today, fishing trawlers in the North Sea occasionally dredge up the bones and tusks of the mastodons that roamed there. Doggerland had its heyday between about 12,000 years ago, when the Ice Age climate began to ameliorate, and 9,000 years ago, when the meltwaters of the gradually retreating glaciers caused sea levels to rise, drowning the hunter's paradise. Doggerland's inhabitants retreated to the higher ground that is now the North Sea coast.

Genetic similarity to groups of people from around the world.

Last updated January 25th, 2008.    

Northern Europeans 

Northern Europe's prehistory was shaped by the advancement and retreat of ice sheets during the Ice Age, which reached its peak about 18,000 years ago. At that time the region was nearly uninhabited, covered mostly by mile-thick ice sheets and vast stretches of frozen tundra. But when the ice began to retreat about 15,000 years ago, the ancestors of many present-day northern Europeans moved northward from Iberia, the Balkans and the Italian peninsula.
We consider the Alps and Pyrenees to divide southern and northern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and Caspian Sea to separate Europe from Central Asia and the Ural Mountains to delimit northern Europe and Siberia. The 23andMe database currently includes northern Europeans representing residents of western Russia, France and the Orkney Islands north of mainland Scotland. Our database reflects some of the genetic diversity of northern Europe prior to the era of intercontinental travel that began roughly 500 years ago.   

Neanderthal Ancestry

Genetic Evidence for Neanderthals

From bones like these three (Vi33.16, Vi33.25, Vi33.26) found in the Vindija cave in Croatia, scientists extracted Neanderthal DNA. Using these samples they painstakingly assembled the Neanderthal genome sequence.

More about Neanderthals

Neanderthals were a group of humans who lived in Europe and Western Asia. They are the closest evolutionary relatives of modern humans, but they went extinct about 30,000 years ago. The first Neanderthals arrived in Europe as early as 600,000 to 350,000 years ago. Neanderthals — Homo neanderthalensis — and modern humans — Homo sapiens — lived along side each other for thousands of years. Genetic evidence suggest that they interbred and although Neanderthals disappeared about 30,000 years ago, traces of their DNA — between 1 percent and 4 percent — is found in all modern humans outside of Africa. Apart from the curiosity of finding what percentage of a modern human's genome is Neanderthal, the information has great value for science. By comparing our DNA with Neanderthal DNA, scientists can detect the most recent evolutionary changes as we developed into fully modern humans.

Matching Map

Examine the geographic distribution of the potential relations

This map demonstrates a relation to other Stringers

A word from Genealogist  Al Colbert

“Your haplogroup is R1b, which is pretty much stock Western European male. I set up a ysearch.org account, and the closest match was the Stringer person that shows up on your Ancestry match list. I am kind of surprised that you have so few matches...you appear to be a fairly rare variety of R1b. (By comparison, my uncle, who is a descendant of the Wades, has 91 matches, versus your 14.) The only downside to testing at Ancestry is that they do not do SNP analysis, which can get you a more specific subclade. If you go to ysearch.org you will see all of the matches. What makes me think that your line is rare is that no two names are repeated. I did, however note that there is a Kellum (Virginia) and Kallum (Pennsylvania). Using the fact that multiple copies of the same name occurs in the match list was how I found out that my Albert line was really descended from the Wades. Based on this, I would think that at some point, your paternal line must have been through Kellum/Kallum. At this point, check out this site (http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Kellam/default.aspx?section=yresults), as will I. What you are looking for is a good match with no more than 2-3 deviations from your results,,, total.

    I just ran through the results, and I'm firmly convinced that you are related to the Kellams. You only have one marker (442) that is way off. Every other marker matches at least one of the project members, with the exception of 393, but even then, your 14 is just one off of the modal 13 that all the others have. It looks like your haplogroup would be R1b1a2. It would definitely be worth your while to contact the project admin and send in your results for inclusion.

     I hope this isn't information overload, but I wanted to give you a quick crash course. My strong suspicion is that you will find good matches in the Kellam group on FTDNA (the link above). If so, just send a request to join to the project admin and he will probably ask you to forward your results so that he can match it up himself, since you didn't test with FTDNA. You will also want to tell him which current Kellam members are your closest matches. The important thing that you are looking for is a marker-by-marker match, with as few mismatches as possible.

I hope this helps...let me know if you need any further explanation or guidance!

Al”

The Kellum connection

The Kellums come from Kelhum England which is in Nottinghamshire county in England, which further demonstrates our central England origin.

Kelham is a small village in Nottinghamshire variously estimated as "3.36 miles,"^[1] "3 miles,"^[2] or "2.92 miles"^[3] to the northwest of Newark on a bend in the A617 road near its crossing of the River Trent.

Kelham is "a small but pleasant village and parish, upon the Worksop Road, and on the west bank of the Trent, 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of Newark. Its parish contains 208 inhabitants and 1,800 acres (7.3 km²) of land, of which 484 acres (1.96 km²) are on the island formed by the two rivers betwixt it and Newark. It has long been the seat and property of the Suttons, who once held the title of Lord Lexington. It is now the property of John Henry Manners Sutton Esq., who resides at the Hall, which was a plain but elegant building, with a centre and wings of brick, with stone corners and window frames, standing in a handsome lawn, near the Trent. A curious wooden bridge which crosses the river close to the lawn has been taken down, and a light but substantial iron bridge erected in its place at a cost of £3,000. The church dedicated to St. Wilfred, had a handsome tower and three bells. It was new-roofed and completely renovated in 1844. Here is a richly wrought monument of the last Lord Lexington and his Lady, of fine stauary marble, but the figures are strangely placed back-to-back. The living is a rectory, valued in the King's books at £19 8s 4d, annexed to that of Averham, being in the same patronage and incumbency. The poor have the interest of £25 left by an unknown donor."^[4]